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Antimicrobial Resistance and Innovation in the Development of Antimicrobial Reagents

Received: 12 April 2024     Accepted: 9 May 2024     Published: 3 July 2024
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Abstract

The effectiveness of our antibiotics and other antimicrobial treatments is at risk due to the global public health concern known as antimicrobial resistance. The emergence of resistant diseases presents a serious problem for society as well as for medical professionals. This article delves into the complex problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), examining its causes, effects, and possible remedies. The creation and application of efficient reagents, which are essential for research, diagnosis, and the creation of innovative treatments, is a critical component in the fight against antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The significance of these agents and how they can help lessen the impending problem of antimicrobial resistance is reviewed. An increasing worldwide health concern, antimicrobial resistance poses a danger to the efficacy of many of our most powerful medications. It is critical to create new antimicrobial reagents to counter this impending threat. But there are many obstacles in the way of developing effective antimicrobial reagents. In order to present a thorough overview of the current state of AMR and its solutions, this article explores the various obstacles and creative approaches in this sector. The quick evolution of resistance in microbial populations is one of the main obstacles to the development of antimicrobial reagents. Many new medications quickly lose their effectiveness due to the astonishing speed at which bacteria and other pathogens adapt to them. The overuse and abuse of currently available antimicrobial drugs is aggravating this progression. Consequently, there is a constant struggle to keep developing novel reagents ahead of these changing microbes. One costly and time-consuming part of developing antimicrobials is getting regulatory approval. The strict guidelines put in place by regulatory agencies to guarantee the security and effectiveness of new drugs may cause a delay in their introduction into clinical settings.

Published in Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (Volume 8, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.pst.20240801.12
Page(s) 13-17
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Antimicrobial Resistance, Antimicrobial Reagents, Antibiotics

References
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[3] Kraemer, Susanne A., Arthi Ramachandran and Gabriel G. Perron. "Antibiotic pollution in the environment: From microbial ecology to public policy." Microorganisms 7 (2019): 180.
[4] Murray, Christopher JL, Kevin Shunji Ikuta, Fablina Sharara and Lucien Swetschinski, et al. "Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: A systematic analysis." The Lancet 399 (2022): 629-655.
[5] Scharff, Robert L. "Food attribution and economic cost estimates for meat-and poultry-related illnesses." J Food Prot 83 (2020): 959-967.
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[8] Nguyen, Fabian, Agata L. Starosta, Stefan Arenz and Daniel Sohmen, et al. "Tetracycline antibiotics and resistance mechanisms." Biol Chem 395 (2014): 559-575.
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[10] Guetiya Wadoum, R. E., N. F. Zambou, F. F. Anyangwe and J. R. Njimou, et al. "Abusive use of antibiotics in poultry farming in cameroon and the public health implications." Br Poult Sci 57 (2016): 483-493.
[11] Joshnu Metlay P., Michael Dudley., Roger Finch G. “Antimicrobial Drug Resistance, Regulation, and Research.” National Library of Medicine (2006); 2(2): 183-190.
[12] Zwonitzer MR, Soupir ML, Jarboe LR, Smith DR. “Quantifying attachment and antibiotic resistance of from conventional and organic swine manure”. Journal of Environmental Quality. (2016); 45(2): 609-617.
[13] Ying GG, He LY, Ying AJ, Zhang QQ, Liu YS, Zhao JL. China must reduce its antibiotic use. Environmental Science and Technology. (2017); 51(3): 1072-1073.
[14] World Bank. Drug-resistant infections: A threat to our economic future. Washington, DC: World Bank; 2017.
[15] Tamma PD, Avdic E, Li DX, Dzintars K, Cosgrove SE. “Association of adverse events with antibiotic use in hospitalized patients.” JAMA Internal Medicine. (2017); 177(9): 1308–1315.
[16] Doron TB, Humphrey SB, Stoffregen WC. “Chlortetracycline-resistant intestinal bacteria in organically raised and feral swine.” Applied Environmental Microbiology. (2011); 77(20): 7167-7170.
[17] Linder JA, Fox CR, Friedberg MW, Persell SD, Goldstein NJ, Knight TK, Hay JW, Doctor JN. “Effect of behavioral interventions on inappropriate antibiotic prescribing among primary care practices: A randomized clinical trial.” JAMA. (2016); 315(6): 562–570.
[18] Nadkarni L, Lyn Price L, Kenneth Lawrence P, Davidson LE, Evans J, Garber C, Snydman DR. A nationwide survey of antimicrobial stewardship practices. Clinical Therapeutics. 2013; 35(6): 758-765.
[19] El Helali N, Giovangrandi Y, Guyot K, Chevet K, Gutmann L, Durand-Zaleski I. Cost and effectiveness of intrapartum group B streptococcus polymerase chain reaction screening for term deliveries. Obstetrics and Gynecology. (2012); 119(4): 822-829.
[20] OM. Antibiotic resistance: Implications for global health and novel intervention strategies: Workshop summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2010.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Sahgal, S., Srivastava, D. (2024). Antimicrobial Resistance and Innovation in the Development of Antimicrobial Reagents. Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, 8(1), 13-17. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pst.20240801.12

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    ACS Style

    Sahgal, S.; Srivastava, D. Antimicrobial Resistance and Innovation in the Development of Antimicrobial Reagents. Pharm. Sci. Technol. 2024, 8(1), 13-17. doi: 10.11648/j.pst.20240801.12

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    AMA Style

    Sahgal S, Srivastava D. Antimicrobial Resistance and Innovation in the Development of Antimicrobial Reagents. Pharm Sci Technol. 2024;8(1):13-17. doi: 10.11648/j.pst.20240801.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.pst.20240801.12,
      author = {Shivangi Sahgal and Deepa Srivastava},
      title = {Antimicrobial Resistance and Innovation in the Development of Antimicrobial Reagents
    },
      journal = {Pharmaceutical Science and Technology},
      volume = {8},
      number = {1},
      pages = {13-17},
      doi = {10.11648/j.pst.20240801.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pst.20240801.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.pst.20240801.12},
      abstract = {The effectiveness of our antibiotics and other antimicrobial treatments is at risk due to the global public health concern known as antimicrobial resistance. The emergence of resistant diseases presents a serious problem for society as well as for medical professionals. This article delves into the complex problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), examining its causes, effects, and possible remedies. The creation and application of efficient reagents, which are essential for research, diagnosis, and the creation of innovative treatments, is a critical component in the fight against antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The significance of these agents and how they can help lessen the impending problem of antimicrobial resistance is reviewed. An increasing worldwide health concern, antimicrobial resistance poses a danger to the efficacy of many of our most powerful medications. It is critical to create new antimicrobial reagents to counter this impending threat. But there are many obstacles in the way of developing effective antimicrobial reagents. In order to present a thorough overview of the current state of AMR and its solutions, this article explores the various obstacles and creative approaches in this sector. The quick evolution of resistance in microbial populations is one of the main obstacles to the development of antimicrobial reagents. Many new medications quickly lose their effectiveness due to the astonishing speed at which bacteria and other pathogens adapt to them. The overuse and abuse of currently available antimicrobial drugs is aggravating this progression. Consequently, there is a constant struggle to keep developing novel reagents ahead of these changing microbes. One costly and time-consuming part of developing antimicrobials is getting regulatory approval. The strict guidelines put in place by regulatory agencies to guarantee the security and effectiveness of new drugs may cause a delay in their introduction into clinical settings.
    },
     year = {2024}
    }
    

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