Water in Oil W/O Pickering Emulsion Encapsulated in Oil in Water O/W Emulsion: A Double Emulsion for Poorly Soluble Drugs
Sidy Mouhamed Dieng,
Louis Augustin Diaga Diouf,
Alphonse Rodrigue Djiboune,
Papa Mady Sy,
Mamadou Soumboundou,
Djibril Kebe,
Gora Mbaye,
Oumar Thioune,
Mounibe Diarra
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2, December 2020
Pages:
25-30
Received:
30 October 2020
Accepted:
21 November 2020
Published:
30 November 2020
Abstract: There are two problems that hinder the use of double emulsions in pharmacies: large-scale equipment not available for one-step emulsification and obtaining a double emulsion and limited ingredients available to replace the tension-active agents as primary emulsifier because these surfactants are toxic. To overcome these difficulties, a two-stage emulsification strategy has been developed, first generating a water-in-oil Pickering emulsion stabilized by magnesium oxide particles and then the double W/O/W emulsion, thereby reducing significantly the amount of voltage-active. Pickering emulsions are surfactant-free emulsions, stabilized by colloidal particles. These systems are experiencing renewed interest on the one hand, because it is preferable to limit the use of synthetic surfactants for ecological reasons, and on the other hand, because the functionalization of particles has undergone recent advances. It is possible to make very simple calibrated emulsions of controlled size, exploiting a phenomenon called "limited coalescence". The Bancroft rule served as a model for the formulation. The emulsification was carried out using a rotor stator mixer. The stability of these emulsions has been studied using several parameters (pH, conductivity, droplet size, dye test). The dye test and the conductivity measurement confirmed the W/O nature of the emulsion and W/O/W nature of the double emulsion. This study showed that we were able to develop a saturated double W/O/W emulsion.
Abstract: There are two problems that hinder the use of double emulsions in pharmacies: large-scale equipment not available for one-step emulsification and obtaining a double emulsion and limited ingredients available to replace the tension-active agents as primary emulsifier because these surfactants are toxic. To overcome these difficulties, a two-stage em...
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Morphological Characterization of Corticium koleroga, Cause of Thread Blight on Arabica Coffee
Nagassa Dechassa,
Alemayehu Chala,
Kifle Belachew,
Elfinesh Shikur
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2, December 2020
Pages:
31-39
Received:
3 November 2020
Accepted:
18 November 2020
Published:
22 December 2020
Abstract: Coffee thread blight caused by Corticium koleroga is one of the fungal pathogens that cause severe damage to Coffea arabica in southwest Ethiopia. However, there are very few research findings on the features of the pathogen in Ethiopia. Therefore, the current work was designed with the objectives to characterize pathogen isolates and determine the pathogenicity of the Corticium koleroga isolates. For this purpose, diseased samples were collected from 11 districts of southwest Ethiopia during the 2017 cropping season. C. koleroga isolates were characterized using macroscopic and microscopic features. Eleven isolates of C. koleroga collected from southwest Ethiopia varied in their colony colour ranging from white to floral white, with circular to irregular form and filiform to entire in margin on PDA plates. Growth rate of the isolates was between 6 and 9 mm/day in diameter. Morphological variations in basidiospores length and basidial shape were also evident among the isolates. Average basidiospore size ranged from 10 to 13.75 x 3.75 to 5μ. All isolates were pathogenic to C. arabica (74110 susceptible variety), with significantly different (P<0.01) lesion size. The most aggressive isolate was Yayu isolate, followed by isolates from Andaracha and Mettu with average lesion size of 95.55, 94.49 and 93.29%, respectively. The current study revealed the identity of Corticium koleroga in southwest Ethiopia. Future research should be directed towards molecular characterization of the pathogen.
Abstract: Coffee thread blight caused by Corticium koleroga is one of the fungal pathogens that cause severe damage to Coffea arabica in southwest Ethiopia. However, there are very few research findings on the features of the pathogen in Ethiopia. Therefore, the current work was designed with the objectives to characterize pathogen isolates and determine the...
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Addition of Modified Jadad Method to Evaluate the Rationality of Over-explanatory Drug Use: Taking Naloxone as an Example
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2, December 2020
Pages:
40-44
Received:
29 November 2020
Accepted:
15 December 2020
Published:
25 December 2020
Abstract: Objective to evaluate the rationality of naloxone injection superdrug specification by evidence-based medicine and adding modified Jadad scale, and to establish the evaluation standard of rational drug use. Methods 540 medical records of naloxone used in 2019 were extracted, and the use of naloxone was analyzed. At the same time, the evidence-based medical evidence used in naloxone superscript was collected and the literature was graded by improved Jadad scale.≥4 points were used as high quality literature. Combined with evidence-based medicine and improved Jadad scale, 540 medical records with naloxone were reviewed. Results In evidence-based medical evidence collection, the guidelines for clinical treatment of craniocerebral trauma clearly put forward that naloxone injection in craniocerebral injury has a clear indication, but also given a clear dosage and course of treatment. By using the modified Jadad scale to screen and score the literature after 2013, it is determined that the coma caused by cerebral infarction is also a reasonable indication of overstatement. Combined with evidence-based medicine and improved Jadad scale method, 87.3% of the indications for the use of naloxone injection in our hospital were within the range of rational use, and the evaluation standard of rational use of naloxone was established. Conclusion: It is a new attempt to provide evidence-based basis for over-explanatory drug use through evidence-based medicine and improved Jadad scale method.
Abstract: Objective to evaluate the rationality of naloxone injection superdrug specification by evidence-based medicine and adding modified Jadad scale, and to establish the evaluation standard of rational drug use. Methods 540 medical records of naloxone used in 2019 were extracted, and the use of naloxone was analyzed. At the same time, the evidence-based...
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