A Review of Clinical Efficacy of Topical Vitamin C and Its Derivatives
Oormila Sasidharan,
Anjali Gholap,
Rachna Rastogi
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 2, December 2023
Pages:
20-26
Received:
23 July 2023
Accepted:
14 August 2023
Published:
6 September 2023
Abstract: The last two decades have seen an increase in active-led skin care products in over the counter and retail market places. Consumers have become more knowledgeable about ingredients used in topical products resulting in formulations with vitamins and other active ingredients gaining popularity. Further, the need for instantaneous and short-term benefits, consumers are moving towards high doses of active products. This poses a challenge for formulation scientists to stabilize high active doses and ensure potency over shelf life. Vitamin C or ascorbic acid is one such ubiquitous active commonly found in topical products claiming brightening, skin firming and toning benefits. As humans lack the enzyme required for synthesis of Vitamin C, we obtain it through diet or topical application. Vitamin C consumption results in insignificant benefits due to limited bioavailability, making topical application the major route of delivery. Ascorbic acid is an antioxidant; when applied topically it protects the skin from damaging free radicals produced due to exposure to UV-rays and other environmental stressors. However, ascorbic acid has been reported to be unstable in aqueous systems and readily undergoes oxidation making it inactive. This has led to the generation of multiple pro-drugs and derivatives which dissociate to release free ascorbic acid or its ionic form in the skin. In this review, we have focused on the clinical efficacy of vitamin C and its derivatives, suitable for various applications. This will serve as a ready reckoner for formulators creating vitamin C based products.
Abstract: The last two decades have seen an increase in active-led skin care products in over the counter and retail market places. Consumers have become more knowledgeable about ingredients used in topical products resulting in formulations with vitamins and other active ingredients gaining popularity. Further, the need for instantaneous and short-term bene...
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, standard molar isobaric heat capacity is 108800J•mol-1•K-1 and residual entropy of nifedipine estimated by Joback method is 
at 290.15 K and atmospheric pressure which match with the datas of experiment. However the melting temperature and the flash point temperatureof nifedipine was estimated by Joback method is 1074.02 K and 969.98 K seperately, which have large gap between the estamated datas and the reality, and still need to revise. Coclusion: the thermodynamic parameters of nifedipine can be estimated by Joback group contribution method. Its corresponding data will provide essential support for industrial design and further theoretical studies.